Stablecoins forklart: Enkelt sagt er en stablecoin en digital valuta som beholder sin verdi fordi den støttes av verdien av en underliggende eiendel, som kan være alt fra fiat-valuta til olje og gull, eller noen ganger til og med kryptovaluta.
For eksempel er Tether (USDT) og USD Coin (USDC) stabile mynter støttet av amerikanske dollar holdt i reserve. PAX Gold (PAXG), derimot, er avhengig av en gullreserve for å opprettholde en stabil pris.
I det 21. århundre regnes stablecoins for å være et av de store økonomiske gjennombruddene i tiden:
- Stablecoins er flotte for tradere eller investorer som trenger å "holde verdi" i en digital eiendel uten de volatile prissvingningene til kryptovaluta.
- Stablecoins offer new ways of earning interest (a.k.a. “yield”) at a time when traditional savings vehicles offer next to nothing. (See our page on Best Interest Rates.)
- Stablecoins tilbyr også en billig, rask og tilgjengelig måte å handle verdi på tvers av landegrensene.
In this piece, we’ll cover our list of best stablecoins, then explain more about how smart investors can use stablecoins to build wealth.
List of Top Stablecoins
| Navn | Beskrivelse | Etableringsår | Number of social followers | Stabilisert eiendel | Quality of Team | Stabilization Mechanism | Resultat |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PAX Standard | Paxos Standard Token is a payment platform complete with the PAX stablecoin backed 1:1 to the U.S. Dollar. | 2016 | 26,700 | Amerikanske dollar | The team backing Paxos is a mixed-bag with a wealth of expertise from tech and finance backgrounds | PAX is backed 1:1 by a reserve of USD. | 5 |
| True USD | True USD is a one-to-one stable currency that pegs its value to $1 U.S. per token. | 2018 | 17,200 | Amerikanske dollar | The young team behind this project boasts some of the most impressive technology names in the field, albeit with little financial experience | Escrow: Each True USD is backed by $1 U.S. held in an escrow account by third parties. Qualifying institutions can participate in the True USD system, eliminating the need for trust in a central project (albeit replacing that with the need for trust in third-party accounting). With only two minor deviations, the price has remained stable within $0.02. | 4.5 |
| USD Mynt | USDC is a full reserve dollar stablecoin issued by the CENTRE Consortium. | 2018 | 5,600 | Amerikanske dollar | The CENTRE and CIRCLE team have founded and helped run numerous high-profile technology companies including Brightcove and Macromedia. | Collateralized: Each USDC token has a corresponding $1 U.S. invested in an owned account. Decentralization will be ensured by allowing numerous different projects to join a network of USDC issuers overseen by the CIRCLE project, each of which maintains its own cash reserves to stabilize the tokens it issues. While the oversight of CIRCLE can insure against value fluctuation, allowing third parties to independently issue the USDC does invite potential concerns of individual error or bad actors. | 4.5 |
| Dai | Dai is a decentralized stable currency which is pegged to the U.S. Dollar at a 1-to-1 ratio. | 2017 | 190,500 | Amerikanske dollar | MakerDao’s Founder has almost no experience, having graduated in 2014. It has made up for this lack by hiring other executive-level talent with a deep bench of relevant experience. | Collateral Against Ethereum: To create Dai tokens users have to purchase and stake an equal value (in U.S. Dollars) of Ethereum tokens. As the price of Dai rises, users will be incentivized to create more. As the price falls, users will be incentivized to sell their assets back to the pool. | 4.5 |
| GUSD | Created by Gemini cryptocurrency exchange, the Gemini USD stablecoin claims to be the first U.S. Dollar-backed stablecoin to receive approval from a U.S. regulator and aims to be the most transparent stablecoin on the market. | 2018 | 330,800 | Amerikanske dollar | Gemini was founded by Tyler and Cameron Winklevoss, two Bitcoin billionaires with a rich background in business.This trickles down to the team who collectively possess high levels of experience. | Collateralized: GUSD is backed 1:1 by real dollars in reserve, with monthly audits. | 4.5 |
| Digix | Digix takes the idea of a blockchain gold standard literally, promising that each DGX token represents 1 gram of actual, solid gold in a vault in Singapore. The utility of this over purchasing gold outright or an options contract remains uncertain, but the mechanism is sound. | 2016 | 17,600 | Gull | Digix is run by a team with extensive experience in both finance and blockchain development at some of the world’s largest firms. | Asset-Backed: A Digix token is minted once the underlying Proof of Provenance protocol confirms that a corresponding ounce of gold is in the vault. The price has fluctuated within approximately 25 percent since inception. | 4 |
| Binance USD | Developed by Binance, one of the largest cryptocurrency exchanges in the world, BUSD is a fully-regulated stablecoin backed by U.S. dollars, issued via the Paxos Trust Company. | 2019 | 6,100,000 | Amerikanske dollar | As the world’s leading cryptocurrency exchange, Binance in partnership with Paxos have a wealth of industry-leading expertise. | Collateralized: Each BUSD is backed 1:1 by a reserve of dollars held in the Paxos account. | 4 |
| Huobi USD | Huobi is one the Asia’s largest cryptocurrency exchanges, and in partnership with Stable Universal, the firms issued the HUSD stablecoin token as a means to uncouple for pre-existing 3rd party stablecoins, as well as gain exposure in DeFi markets and platforms. | 2020 | 736,600 | Amerikanske dollar | Singapore-based exchange Huobi has relished a market-leading position for some years. | Collateralized: Every HUSD token is backed by U.S. dollars held in reserves by a regulated trust company. | 4 |
| Tether | Tether is one of the most well-known, valued, and reliable stablecoins on the market. | 2015 | 170,300 | Amerikanske dollar | Bloomberg, among other outlets, has published very serious questions regarding the accounting practices of Tether. The company’s founders have a range of professional experience, ranging from fintech to retail. | Collateralized: Each Tether token has a corresponding $1 U.S. invested in an owned account. While serious questions have been raised as to the company’s accounting practices in this regard, the token’s price has remained stable within $0.05. | 4 |
| PAX Gold (PAXG) | PAXG is an Ethereum-based digital asset backed by gold. As per the website, each token is backed by one fine troy ounce (t oz) of a gold bar. In this case, if you own PAXG, you also own the gold that backs it. | 2019 | 26,700 | Gull | The team backing Paxos is a mixed-bag with a wealth of expertise from tech and finance backgrounds. | The team backing Paxos is a mixed-bag with a wealth of expertise from tech and finance backgrounds. | 4 |
| Stabilt USD | Stably is a cryptocurrency pegged to the U.S. dollar, with each token set to $1. | 2019 | 2,900 | Amerikanske dollar | Stably has a team with experience in both technology and finance. While they have little background in blockchain, their c-level leadership has worked with impressive firms in this space. | Collateralized: Stably will hold $1 U.S. in reserves for each token distributed with quarterly audits. | 3.5 |
| Terra USD | Terra is a blockchain platform that has built numerous fiat-backed stablecoins to power global payments systems. The firm created the decentralized stablecoin, UST, so that it could be available to all developers and blockchains, with DeFi yield earning as a prominent feature. Interchain stablecoin products are at the core of the firm’s goals, as is working to solve scalability issues. | 2020 | 214,000 | Cryptocurrency | Terra has a significant presence in the Asia-Pacific region. The team has notable experience in e-commerce, software engineering and business development. | Collateralized: Terra UST is an algorithmic stablecoin. For every UST minted, $1 worth of the reserve asset $LUNA is burned. | 3 |
Topp Stablecoins etter størrelse
To give you a visual of how the stablecoins stack up against each other, here’s a look at their market capitalization (or total amount held by investors):
Typer stablecoins
Akkurat som regjeringen støtter fiat-valuta, er også stablecoins støttet av en annen eiendel eller autoritet. Her er typene stablecoins, og hvordan de støttes.
Fiat-Backed Stablecoins
Fiat-støttede stablecoins er assosiert med en bestemt fiat-valuta: amerikanske dollar, euro, osv. Fiat-støttede stablecoins gir bedre stabilitet, spesielt sammenlignet med kryptostøttede stablecoins. Mens kryptovalutaer kommer med ville prissvingninger, kommer fiat-støttede stablecoins med minimale prissvingninger, siden det er en pålitelig valuta bak dem.
Fiat-støttede stablecoins er imidlertid relativt nye og har en begrenset merittliste, så de er ikke uten risiko.
Coinbase, en av verdens største utvekslingsplattformer for kryptovaluta, tilbyr en fiat-støttet stablecoin kalt USD Coin. Denne mynten kan byttes i forholdet 1:1 med amerikanske dollar. Det er generelt trygt å bruke, siden hver USDC støttes av én amerikansk dollar.
Stablecoins med kryptostøtte
Som navnet antyder, er disse stablecoins "støttet" av andre kryptoaktiva. Fordi kryptovalutapriser kan være volatile, er kryptostøttede stablecoins oversikkerhetssikret (noe som betyr at de holder ekstra krypto i reserver, i tilfelle markedskrasj).
For å låne $5 av en kryptostøttet stablecoin, må du for eksempel "sette inn" (eller låse opp) $10 av en annen kryptoaktiva som sikkerhet. Hvis den underliggende kryptoeiendelen mister sin verdi, har du fortsatt en innebygd pute på $5. Generelt gjør denne volatiliteten kryptostøttede stablecoins mindre pålitelige enn fiat-støttede stablecoins.
Råvarestøttet Stablecoin
Disse stabile myntene opprettholder sin verdi gjennom edle metaller eller andre råvarer som eiendom eller olje. Mens disse stablecoins generelt er sentraliserte, beskytter sentraliseringen brukere mot kryptovolatilitet. Gull er den mest populære varen som skal sikres. Paxos Gold, Tether Gold og Digix er tre av de mest flytende gullstøttede stallmyntene.
Råvarestøttede stablecoins lar deg investere i eiendeler som ellers kan være utenfor rekkevidde. For eksempel kan det være komplisert og kostbart å skaffe og lagre en gullbarre, så å holde en "gull stablecoin" er en enklere måte å lagre verdi på uten å måtte kjøpe den underliggende varen.
Algoritmisk stablecoin
Algoritmisk-støttede stablecoins er avhengige av spesialiserte algoritmer og smarte kontrakter for å administrere tilførselen av tokens i omløp. For eksempel, hvis prisen på en algoritmisk stablecoin er satt til $1, men stablecoin-prisen stiger høyere, vil datamaskinalgoritmen automatisk slippe ut flere tokens i forsyningen for å få ned prisen.
Alternatively, an algorithmic stablecoin will reduce the number of tokens in circulation when the market price drops below the price of the fiat currency it tracks.
Hvorfor trenger vi Stablecoins?
Her er noen av de primære brukstilfellene:
- Safe Haven Asset: I motsetning til kryptovalutaer som svinger dramatisk i pris, har de som bruker stablecoins for å lagre verdi minimal risiko for tap.
- Betaling: Bedrifter kan dra nytte av å akseptere stablecoins som betaling, slik at de kan redusere transaksjonsgebyrer som følger med typiske betalingsbehandlere.
- Øyeblikkelige oppgjør: Når oppgjør utbetales, kan de ofte ikke leveres umiddelbart fordi de er underlagt vanlige banktider. Stablecoins opererer på blockchain, noe som betyr at de kjører 24/7: parter kan motta oppgjør umiddelbart.
- utlån: Stablecoin-utlån er en høyavkastningsmulighet for kryptoinvestorer, da det kan tilby tosifret rente.
- Escrow: Stablecoins automatiserer deponeringsprosessen gjennom smarte kontrakter som evaluerer deponeringsforholdene uten bruk av institusjonell formidling.
- Alternativ bank: 14.1 millioner amerikanske voksne are unbanked. All you need is internet access to have a stablecoin “account,” opening financial access to all.
Hvordan tjener du penger med Stablecoins?
Most people make their money with regular cryptocurrency through trading, mining, or staking, utlåneller avkastningsoppdrett. Because stablecoins are tied to an asset, making money with stablecoin works a little differently. Here are the ways to make money with stablecoins:
- staking: Staking involves helping maintain the flow of the blockchain network on a particular asset. In return, you earn compensation from income from the network. Essentially, you’re locking in your stablecoins to receive rewards. Examples of stablecoins that offer staking rewards include Binance, Tether, and PAX Gold. (See our guide to Beste kryptoinnsatsutbytte.)
- utlån: You can lend your stablecoins out to borrowers to earn money, with rates of return ranging from 5 to 12 percent. You can lend your stablecoin on many major crypto lending platforms, such as BlockFi or Celsius. (See our guide to Top Crypto Lending Platforms.)
- Utbytteoppdrett: Yield farming allows investors to earn money by lending stablecoins through smart contracts, like earning interest on a traditional savings account. (See our guide to Beste avkastning jordbrukspriser.)
Etuiet for Stablecoins
For at en valuta skal fungere, må den lagre verdi på en pålitelig måte. Sparere må føle seg trygge på at pengebeløpet de legger i banken på mandag vil reflektere formuen deres på fredag. Både inflasjon og deflasjon må holdes under kontroll.
That is why several digital currency projects have taken a new approach. Instead of replacing traditional money, they’ll work alongside it. “Stable cryptocurrencies” peg themselves to a fiat currency of choice, typically the dollar, and automatically adjust the number of tokens in circulation to keep the price stable.
It’s an approach taken by several countries, even before cryptocurrency was widespread. For example, Cambodia pegs its riel at 4,400 to one U.S. dollar. Their goal is to create an electronic wallet that serves as a bank account, not an investment portfolio.
Stablecoins just take this currency “peg” and put it into code.
Hvor prisstabile er stablecoins?
When looking at the prices of stablecoins on digital asset data platforms, you will notice that stablecoins often do not remain “stable” at $1.00. For example, at the time of writing this article, Tether (USDT), USD mynt (USDC), og Gemini Dollar (GUSD) were trading at $1.01, $1.01, and $1.02, respectively.
The reason is that the issuers of dollar-collateralized stablecoins need to manage the supply of their coins through issuing and burning/redeeming to ensure the value of their coins maintains roughly one-to-one with the US dollar.
However, there have also been stablecoins that have lost their peg entirely. For example, Steem Dollars (SBD), a cryptocurrency of the Steemit network, was designed to maintain its value at one dollar. However, the startup behind the Steemit network eventually stopped managing the coin’s money supply and let the digital currency float freely. This caused the coin’s value to surge to $15 during the 2017 rally before it came crashing down to as low as $0.51.
Not all stablecoins are really 100 percent price-stable. Moreover, due to their centralized nature and occasional lack of transparency, some stablecoins are actually riskier than they may seem, even if their values oscillate closely around the $1 mark. Do your research and never invest more than you are willing to lose.
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