1Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5/7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
2Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062, Dresden, Germany
3Turku Center for Quantum Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turun Yliopisto, Finland
4Dipartimento di Fisica “Aldo Pontremoli”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milan, Italy
5Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milan, Italy
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Abstract
Every open-system dynamics can be associated to infinitely many stochastic pictures, called unravelings, which have proved to be extremely useful in several contexts, both from the conceptual and the practical point of view. Here, focusing on quantum-jump unravelings, we demonstrate that there exists inherent freedom in how to assign the terms of the underlying master equation to the deterministic and jump parts of the stochastic description, which leads to a number of qualitatively different unravelings. As relevant examples, we show that a fixed basis of post-jump states can be selected under some definite conditions, or that the deterministic evolution can be set by a chosen time-independent non-Hermitian Hamiltonian, even in the presence of external driving. Our approach relies on the definition of rate operators, whose positivity equips each unraveling with a continuous-measurement scheme and is related to a long known but so far not widely used property to classify quantum dynamics, known as dissipativity. Starting from formal mathematical concepts, our results allow us to get fundamental insights into open quantum system dynamics and to enrich their numerical simulations.
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Cited by
[1] Dariusz Chruściński, “Dynamical maps beyond Markovian regime”, arXiv:2209.14902.
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