Modular Architectures To Deterministically Generate Graph States

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Hassan Shapourian¹ and Alireza Shabani²

¹Cisco Quantum Lab, San Jose, CA 95134, USA
²Cisco Quantum Lab, Los Angeles, CA 90049, USA

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Abstract

Graph states are a family of stabilizer states which can be tailored towards various applications in photonic quantum computing and quantum communication. In this paper, we present a modular design based on quantum dot emitters coupled to a waveguide and optical fiber delay lines to deterministically generate N-dimensional cluster states and other useful graph states such as tree states and repeater states. Unlike previous proposals, our design requires no two-qubit gates on quantum dots and at most one optical switch, thereby, minimizing challenges usually posed by these requirements. Furthermore, we discuss the error model for our design and demonstrate a fault-tolerant quantum memory with an error threshold of 0.53% in the case of a 3d graph state on a Raussendorf-Harrington-Goyal (RHG) lattice. We also provide a fundamental upper bound on the correctable loss in the fault-tolerant RHG state based on the percolation theory, which is 1.24 dB or 0.24 dB depending on whether the state is directly generated or obtained from a simple cubic cluster state, respectively.

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Featured image: A schematic picture of our modular architecture to generate graph states of photonic qubits. It consists of two parts: An active component, a quantum emitter (Q) which sends photons to the second (passive) component, comprising an optical circulator attached to a scattering block (which acts as a CZ gate) terminated by a delay-line feedback loop. Some sample output graph states are shown at the output.

Popular summary

Photons, elementary quantum particles of light, are one of the promising candidates for qubits in quantum information processing. They can be harnessed for fast scalable quantum computers and are the medium of choice for quantum networks. Unlike matter-based qubits which are stationary and persistent, photonic qubits are flying (at the speed of light) and consumable (they get destroyed upon measurement via a photon detector). These fundamental differences have led to the development of distinct processing methods tailored for optical quantum computing and networking, where resource states of entangled photonic qubits are prepared and various tasks are achieved by measuring the qubits. Generating such resource states, however, is quite challenging. In this paper, we propose a minimal architecture with a few devices, a quantum emitter, and a scattering block (based on quantum dots or defects) along with a delay-line feedback loop, and analyze its performance in generating some of the most common resource states.
Our architecture is modular, i.e., stacking the scattering blocks leads to devices capable of generating more sophisticated states (e.g., higher-dimensional graph states).

► BibTeX data

@article{Shapourian2023modular, doi = {10.22331/q-2023-03-02-935}, url = {https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2023-03-02-935}, title = {Modular architectures to deterministically generate graph states}, author = {Shapourian, Hassan and Shabani, Alireza}, journal = {{Quantum}}, issn = {2521-327X}, publisher = {{Verein zur F{“{o}}rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften}}, volume = {7}, pages = {935}, month = mar, year = {2023}<br /> }

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Cited by

[1] Daoheng Niu, Yuxuan Zhang, Alireza Shabani, and Hassan Shapourian, “All-photonic one-way quantum repeaters”, arXiv:2210.10071, (2022).

[2] Yuan Zhan, Paul Hilaire, Edwin Barnes, Sophia E. Economou, and Shuo Sun, “Performance analysis of quantum repeaters enabled by deterministically generated photonic graph states”, arXiv:2209.11430, (2022).

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Time Stamp: March 2, 2023

Time Stamp: May 31, 2023

Modular architectures to deterministically generate graph states

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